Mechanically excited thermometry in erbium ions

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is used in many areas, particular for ML-based optical thermometry. However, thermometry limited owing to the lack of a strong theoretical foundation. Here, using CaZnOS:Er3+ and well-established Boltzmann distribution, solid novel ML framework established. Upon external force stimulation, generates bright green ascribed 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 4S3/2 transitions Er3+. And populations at excited states are confirmed follow distribution during process. The utility this demonstrated here on practical example. Further, potential applications anti-counterfeiting information encryption discussed. These results demonstrate that luminescent materials promising multifunctional (especially temperature sensing), provide foundation future applications.